What is asbestos?

(Pronounced as-bes’tos)

Asbestos contains six naturally occurring fibrous minerals that are strong, flexible, and heat resistant. It was once considered the standard for insulation and fireproofing, and was widely used in construction, automotive, and industrial products.

How does asbestos enter the environment?

Asbestos fibers can be released into the air or water through the breakdown of natural deposits or asbestos-containing products. While they do not dissolve in water or evaporate, smaller fibers can remain airborne for long periods and travel great distances before settling.

How could I be exposed to asbestos?

Low levels of asbestos exist in the air we breathe, especially in cities and industrial areas. You face higher exposure risk if you work in an industry that manufactures or uses asbestos products. Disturbing asbestos-containing materials during renovations, demolition, or maintenance can release fibers into the air. Drinking water may contain asbestos from natural sources or asbestos-cement pipes.

What are the risks of asbestos exposure?

Asbestos primarily affects the lungs, and long-term exposure to high levels can cause:

• Asbestosis – Lung scarring that leads to breathing difficulties and, in severe cases, heart enlargement.
• Pleural Plaques –Thickening of lung membranes, which can restrict breathing.
• Cancer – Asbestos exposure may cause lung cancer and/or mesothelioma, a type of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs or abdomen. It may also cause stomach, intestinal, pancreas, and kidney cancer.

If you believe you’ve been exposed, talk to your doctor about evaluation and testing, which may include chest X-rays, lung function tests, and CT scans. If you smoke and are exposed to asbestos, you have a greater risk of lung cancer. Quitting smoking is one of the best ways to protect your health.

How can I reduce my exposure risks?

Asbestos materials do not generally pose a health risk if left undisturbed. If you suspect asbestos in your home, contact your state health department or the EPA for testing and safe removal options. Testing can detect asbestos fibers in urine, feces, mucus, or lung washings, but these tests cannot predict how it may affect your health.

Government regulations and safety standards

• The EPA banned new uses of asbestos in 1989, but older uses remain legal.
• Schools must inspect for and manage asbestos risks.
• The EPA limits asbestos release from factories and demolitions.
• OSHA sets workplace exposure limits to protect employees.

References

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2001. Toxicological profile for asbestos. Update. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.